Nutrition for Menopausal Moods

Mood swings, anxiety and depression often accompany the menopause transition, especially if experiencing other menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes or disrupted sleep. 

While various factors could play a role in mood fluctuations, it's highly probable that your shifting hormones are contributing to the issue. The good news is, the foods you choose to eat can have a significant impact on how you feel.

Get an oil change 

Omega 3 fats have anti-inflammatory properties that may help regulate brain processes that are thought to be involved in the development of mood disorders such as anxiety and depression. 

Unlike other types of fats, our bodies cannot make omega 3 fats, therefore we must get them from our diet. There are different forms of omega 3 fats. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is present in plant-based sources like walnuts, pecans, flaxseeds, chia seeds and hemp seeds. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are found in oily fish. 

To get enough omega 3 into your diet, aim for 2 portions of oily fish per week. This includes salmon, sardines, trout, mackerel, herring and anchovies. This can be achieved by adding anchovies into your pasta sauce, having sardines on toast or whipping up a salmon fish pie. 

In addition, aim to consume 1-2 tbsp of those omega rich nuts and seeds daily. Have them as a snack, sprinkle on porridge or yoghurt, or try whizzing them into a smoothie. 

The EPA and DHA forms of omega 3 are more biologically active than the plant form, ALA. Therefore, if you are plant-based or don’t eat oily fish regularly, you may want to consider a daily omega 3 supplement in the DHA and EPA form, such as a fish oil or algae-based supplement. 

Magnesium

Magnesium plays a vital role in regulating various biochemical processes in the body, including those related to mood and stress in the brain.

Research has indicated that when we're stressed, we may lose more magnesium from our bodies, potentially leading to a magnesium shortage. This shortage, in turn, increases our susceptibility to stress, creating a vicious cycle where stress and low magnesium levels feed into each other. 

In fact, symptoms of magnesium deficiency and stress are very similar, such as fatigue, irritability, and mild anxiety. In addition, some research has suggested a potential beneficial effect of magnesium supplementation for anxiety and stress in those who are vulnerable to these conditions. 

Ensure you consume magnesium-rich foods regularly, such as nuts, seeds, leafy greens, cacao, legumes, and whole grains.

You may also want to consider a magnesium glycinate supplement, at a dose of 300 mg daily. You can also try magnesium salt baths as a great way to decrease anxiety and prepare for a good night's rest.


Stable moods rely on stable blood sugar levels

Eating too many carbohydrates in one meal, or eating too many sugary foods can cause an imbalance in sugar levels in your blood. Initially, you get a spike of glucose into your bloodstream, giving you a surge of energy which feels great. However, what goes up must come down, and the subsequent dip in your blood sugar levels can leave you feeling groggy, moody and irritable. 

You can help balance your blood sugar levels by 

Ensuring you get a good source of protein with every meal and snack, which helps release the glucose in your food more slowly into your blood, preventing huge swings in blood sugar. For example, add protein rich options like fish, tofu, chicken or lentils to your meals. 

Replace refined and processed carbohydrates with fibre rich carbohydrates, such as whole-grain rice, quinoa and whole grain bread, and root vegetables such as sweet potato, squash and beetroot. The extra fibre in these choices will help balance blood sugars. 

Have a stress management toolkit. Stress can also cause blood sugar imbalances because the stress response causes the release of the stress hormone cortisol, which in turn releases stored sugar from your liver and muscles into your blood in preparation for flight or fight mode.

Next time you are feeling anxious, stressed or overwhelmed, try going for a walk. Movement encourages your cells to take up the extra glucose into your cells and uses it for energy, giving it less chance to wreak havoc on your blood sugar levels. 

Eat protein to support your neurotransmitters

Protein is made up of building blocks called amino acids, which your brain needs to make neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters are chemicals that facilitate communication among your brain cells and aid in regulating your thoughts and emotions. 

For example: 
 
The amino acid tyrosine helps your body produce dopamine - the "feel-good" neurotransmitter which is associated with feelings of pleasure and reward. Tyrosine is found in a variety of protein-rich foods such as chicken, fish, eggs, soya products and legumes. 

The amino acid tryptophan helps synthesise serotonin, a neurotransmitter which affects mood, sleep and appetite. Tryptophan can be found in turkey, cottage cheese, bananas, oats, and legumes. Research shows that increasing dietary tryptophan can decrease feelings of anxiety, depression and irritability in healthy people. 

The neurotransmitter GABA is synthesised from glutamate, an amino acid found abundantly in both plant and animal protein sources. Think of GABA as a calming hug for your brain. When there is a shortage, it can feel as though the brain remains in a state of constant activation. This heightened state can make it challenging to unwind, potentially leading to increased stress and anxiety. 

The decrease in progesterone levels that naturally occurs during menopause is associated with reduced function of GABA, so supporting its production during this time is important. 

In addition, you can support the function of GABA by consuming magnesium-rich green vegetables, whole grains, and nuts. B6 is also a co-factor for GABA synthesis, and green leafy veg, beef, chicken, chickpeas and fruits such as oranges and cantaloupe are particularly good sources. 

To ensure you are getting enough amino acids in your diet, aim to get 1.2g of protein for every kilo of body weight. For example, if you weigh 70kg you will want to aim for a minimum of 84g of protein daily (1.2 x 70 = 84). 





Vitamin D 

There is growing evidence suggesting a link between vitamin D deficiency and mood disorders such as depression, and anxiety . 

The primary source of vitamin D for most people is exposure to sunlight. When your skin is exposed to sunlight, it synthesises vitamin D. Therefore, individuals who live in regions with limited sunlight or those who spend most of their time indoors are at a higher risk of vitamin D deficiency. 

Vitamin D can also be obtained through certain foods like fatty fish (e.g., salmon, mackerel), egg yolks and fortified foods. 

To combat deficiency, the UK Government advises every adult to take 10mcg (equivalent to 400IU) of Vitamin D daily in the darker winter months from October to March. 

The Gut-Brain Axis 

Scientific research shows a strong link between the health of your gut and your mental health. 

Humans have over 100 trillion bacteria, many of which reside in your gut. These gut-dwelling microorganisms form a vital part of the communication loop between the gut and the brain via a nerve superhighway called the vagus nerve. This bi-directional pathway is known as the gut-brain-microbiome axis.

In other words, what is happening in the gut can have a significant impact on brain function and behaviour - and vice versa. In fact, researchers have found that there are differences in the gut microbiome of individuals who suffer from depression compared to those who don’t, and that this difference could be the cause of the onset of mental health conditions. 

To help keep your gut healthy, include probiotics in your diet daily. Probiotics are beneficial bacteria, and can be found in fermented foods such as live yoghurt, kefir, kimchi, sauerkraut, kombucha and in supplement form. Probiotics can influence gut health by increasing the amount of beneficial bacteria, helping preserve the intestinal lining of the gut and regulating inflammation in the gut. 

Also include prebiotics in your diet, which are non-digestible dietary fibres that provide nourishment and fuel for beneficial gut bacteria, helping them survive and thrive in your gut. Probiotic foods include onions, garlic, leeks, asparagus, banana, apples, oats and flax seeds. 

It’s also a good idea to have some stress management tools in place, as imbalances within this gut-brain axis are often provoked by stress. In fact, it is thought that even short-term stress can change the bacteria profile in the gut. Deep breathing, yoga, talking to a loved one or walking in nature are all useful stress management tools. 

Please bear in mind, dietary changes and supplements are not a replacement for medical treatment, therefore if you feel you are having severe mood related issues, please seek professional medical advice from your Doctor. 
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